How did you become involved with AJHA?
Following my graduation from the University of Texas in Austin, I received an appointment as Assistant Director of the Center for American History where I served as the Director of the American Media History Archives. The following year I received an appointment to the Journalism Program where I taught American news media history at the graduate and undergraduate level. I joined AJHA and attended my first conference in 2020 in Pittsburgh. I was elected to the Board of Directors and in 2005 became Chair of the AJHA Conference Committee in 2005. I served as the Chair until 2015 and directed our annual meetings in San Antonio, Richmond, Seattle, Birmingham, Tucson, Kansas City, Raleigh, New Orleans, St. Paul, and Oklahoma City. I have presented many papers, participated in programs and presentations at our AJHA meetings over the years and received two President’s Awards for Distinguished Service.
How did you develop your interest in journalism or media history?
In 1976, I was the editor of the Wimberley View, a weekly newspaper founded that year by my family. We named our paper the View as a metaphor for the majestic hills, wildlife, and scenery in the Wimberley area and the divergent perspectives we wished our newspaper to provide. We covered many significant and controversial stories on political corruption, corporate and utility abuse, damaging actions to our environment and racial tensions and discrimination through in-depth news, analysis, features and provocative opinions. I am proud to say that within a few years the Wimberley View became a profitable and award-winning newspaper. This included many news, feature, and editorial awards, which culminated with the 1980 Texas Press Association Award for Best Weekly Newspaper in Texas.
At the Wimberley View we adhered to the longstanding newspaper tradition of supporting local businesses through news and advertisements. From our first publication forward, our policy was to provide all new businesses with a story and photo of their grand opening. One of these new enterprises we covered was the Feed Bag Restaurant. Their motto was: “Country-fied Country-fried chicken.” A typo on the photo caption to the Feed Bag debut in the View read: “Country-fied Country-fried children.” Of course, I was highly embarrassed and decided to go to the Feed Bag owner and offer my apologies. When I arrived, he said that they were expecting me and started laughing about my mistake. The owner thanked us for increasing his business. Curious, I inquired how that could happen. He replied that since the story came out many people stopped by and offered to drop off their unruly children for the Feed Bag menu. This was an important lesson for me to learn. Honest mistakes are acknowledged and forgivable, but conscious misinformation and errors should be promptly addressed and corrected. These memorable events and many other remarkable journalistic experiences prepared me for the challenges I would face in pursuing my Ph.D. in history and becoming an historian of the media, politics and culture.
What would you like others to know about your work with the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) and the connections with AJHA?
I served on the TSHA Board of Directors from 2019 to 2023 and as President from 2022-23. I am also a TSHA Fellow. Although it may seem as difficult as untangling barbed wire, our challenge as historians in all fields of history is to study and analyze people, events, values, and patterns in society from many perspectives. If we choose otherwise, then we will diminish and ultimately silence these alternative and noteworthy voices from our history.
As historians, we must remove the blindfolds and rise to the challenge of effectively and accurately communicating our history to present and future generations. History should not be written or communicated as a preordained and self-justifying myth or as an historical narrative written from the viewpoint of a single group of people. We must ask the difficult questions and seek the ignored, overlooked, and discounted voices and experiences from our past. As we enact our mission at TSHA and AJHA, our responsibility is to recognize, include, and preserve the histories of all peoples and cultures, whose stories are an essential part of our history. We must endeavor to provide the histories of all underrepresented and overlooked groups along with those whose stories are newly emerging.
Historians do recognize the value and influence that myth and memory play in history. There is an important difference in how historians shine a light into the darkness as we work to reinterpret the popular mythologies that are inaccurate or undeveloped. In addition, as historians and as an historical association, our duty is to provide leadership and support publications, educational materials, and scholarship that follow the principles and practices advocated by the professional historical community as we search for a more accurate past that is useful to all people. Separating the real from the imagined landscape of our past is our duty and our mission. In doing so, our history will provide everyone with a path of understanding and love for our state and nation.
How does your industry experience inform your teaching and research?
The role of the media is in all my ten published works and the many articles I have written over the years. In my book The First Texas News Barons (University of Texas Press, 2005), In this volume I wrote about how twentieth-century newspapers and newsmakers were prominent in our modern historical process. At times, Texas newspapers aggressively published articles and opinions on the importance of a more tolerant approach to society and culture and to embrace modernization. They were often in the forefront in promoting business expansion. Sometimes they took courageous stands and opposed the most extreme of the mythmakers, such as the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. However, all too often they silently acquiesced and supported those who wanted no change to the status quo. This was most evident in the ongoing struggles for civil rights, safer working conditions, providing equal access and opportunity, and preventing exploitation of people and the environment. Prior to the 1960s, very few mainstream publications challenged these assumptions, and one’s chances for advancement at any level depended on one’s race, gender, or class. Texas newsmakers remained comfortable as advocates for growth and economic expansion, and their voices perpetuated many of the myths and memories of our history.
One prime illustration of this phenomenon was the 1936 Texas Centennial. Journalism and history played a pivotal role in the Texas Centennial celebration that blended promotion, commerce, and chauvinism. The state’s newspaper publishers were a driving force in the creation and the campaign for the Centennial events and its legacy. In doing so, these publishers popularized the new western image of Texas. This legacy was based partly on history and on mythology, as the press promoted the rawhide-tough, independent cowboy. This new imagery for Texas did not replace the adherence to the South and the Lost Cause mythology that perpetuated the story that slavery was not a cause for the Civil War. The new idea of “Texanism” as an Anglo-centric historical narrative became popular during the difficult times of the Great Depression and the promotional opportunities presented by the Texas Centennial.
Journalists played a pivotal role popularizing this new image of Texas. Recognizing an opportunity for marketing and business expansion, the Texas Press Association (TPA) served as a booster and created an organization to aggressively promote the Centennial. In 1924, TPA selected Lowry Martin, the advertising manager for the Corsicana Daily Sun, to lead the Centennial charge. Martin’s committee included Houston’s Jesse H. Jones and other newspapermen. They developed a strategy and launched a campaign for the 1936 Centennial. They successfully drew support from the Texas newspaper industry that followed with the endorsement of the state’s business and political leadership.
Themes for the Centennial celebrations largely focused on individualism and the frontier spirit of nineteenth-century Anglo Texans. The publishers’ efforts to mark the 1936 Centennial were wildly successful. Millions of dollars in federal and state funds supported the events that attracted people from across Texas and the nation. Many businesses and local governments enthusiastically jumped on the bandwagon as they viewed this as a unique opportunity to receive the Texas Centennial brand to promote their own products and services.
What hobbies or activities do you enjoy outside of academia?
A sixth generation Texan, I am an historian, author, and ardent environmentalist. Brenda and I live in scenic arts community of Wimberley, Texas where our land is in a wildlife management and natural area. I am very grateful to family, friends, our teachers and all who provided inspiration, wisdom, and lessons from life over the years.
I received my Ph.D. and a B.A. in History from the University of Texas at Austin and my M.A. in History from Texas State University. My first book was a biography of Ralph W. Yarborough, the People’s Senator (University of Texas Press, 2001) which garnered many regional, state, and national awards. I have authored and edited ten books and hundreds of articles on U.S. and Texas history, biographies, oral histories, conservation, and sustainability. I am retired from the University of Texas at Austin and President of Patrick Cox Consultants LLC, a historical and nonprofit consulting firm.
I was honored to receive the 2014 Distinguished Alumni Award from Texas State University. I am a Fellow of the Texas State Historical Association, TSHA President from 2020 to 2021. I am a Distinguished Alumni of the Texas State University College of Liberal Arts and serve as Chair of the Council of Liberal Arts. I am Fellow and past board member of the East Texas Historical Association and a member of the Texas Institute of Letters, the Philosophical Society of Texas, and the Organization of American Historians.
I am a former President of the Wimberley Lions Club and the Wimberley Valley Watershed Association. I currently am an elected trustee of the Wimberley Village Library Board of Directors and the Trinity Edwards Springs Protection Association (TESPA)Board of Directors.
